Associated Factors, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children

Abstract

Background. The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in children has increased in recent years due to the obesity pandemic. Its etiology is heterogeneous, unhealthy lifestyles such as physical inactivity and an inadequate diet with high simple carbohydrates (HCO) and lipids, favor insulin resistance (IR) development. The objective of this review is to highlight the factors associated with the development of DM2 in children, as well as the current and relevant therapeutic possibilities. Therefore, seeking to facilitate a comprehensive approach to the condition without underestimating one’s own experience. Non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions for DM2 in children are not different from those of adults. To achieve patient control, it is necessary to avoid being overweight and obese, adhere to an adequate diet considering the particular characteristics of each child, and exercise. Conclusions. The early identification of risk factors for DM2, adoption of healthy lifestyles such as adequate nutrition, and the incorporation of physical activity are considered key elements in its prevention and control. Scientific evidence remains limited regarding the therapeutic measures and prevention of complications in this population.