Recognition of Facial Expressions from Basic Emotions in Children with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Keywords:
traumatic brain injury, facial emotion recognition, emotion, neuropsychology, childrenAbstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in childhood causes physical, cognitive and social effects. The social difficulties have been linked to impairments in facial emotion recognition (FER). Despite the high incidence of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in children, the majority of investigations are done on patients with moderate and severe injuries. As a result, there is not enough evidence about FER in mild brain injuries. Objective: To evaluate FER of basic emotions in children with mTBI.Method: The sample consisted of 36 children between 4-8 years old (x=5.42±1.44) divided into 3 groups and matched by age and sex: One group with mTBI, one with normotypic development, and one with orthopedic injuries. The FER evaluation was made during the acute stage of the injury. A computerized forced selection task was applied containing 35 photographs that expressed six basic emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, surprise) and a neutral expression. Results: No statistical differences were found between the groups in total FER, although the children with mTBI performed significantly lower than the comparison groups in the recognition of the neutral expression. Children with mTBI had a low level of accuracy (less than 50.0%) in sadness recognition (46.6%) disgust (40.0%) fear (21.6%) and neutral (20.0%). Conclusions: Results suggest that even during the acute phase of brain injury (the first week), children with mTBI show difficulties in FER. Due to the fact the evaluation was done during the acute phase of injury, it is important to follow up to determine if these discrepancies prevail in the chronic phase. As such, they could be related to behavioral problems reported by family members during the teenage and adult years.
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