Burnout y Comportamiento Ciudadano Organizacional
Resumen
Si bien existe evidencia acerca de la relación entre burnout y comportamiento ciudadano organizacional (CCO) con el liderazgo de los supervisores, la cohesión grupal y el grado de estructuración y competencia percibida sobre los procesos de trabajo, existe limitada información sobre los efectos comparados de estas variables o las relaciones existentes entre si. Dada la prevalencia de problemas asociados a estrés crónico, es especialmente interesante la relación entre burnout y CCO. Objetivo. Evaluar la relación entre burnout y comportamiento ciudadano organizacional en el personal clínico de dos hospitales, considerando además las influencias del liderazgo transformacional de los supervisores, la cohesión grupal y la claridad de rol sobre las dos variables anteriores. Método. En el estudio participaron técnicos y profesionales clínicos respondiendo un cuestionario escrito. Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios en cada muestra, para posteriormente evaluar un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales propuesto en base a la evidencia publicada. Resultados. Se obtuvo un total de 667 encuestas con respuestas válidas (N1 = 292 y N2 = 375). En uno de los hospitales se encontró una moderada covarianza significativa entre burnout y CCO (-0,302**) y en el otro no se encontró relación (-0,105). También, resulta destacable el que Cohesión tuviera la mayor influencia sobre CCO en ambos hospitales (0,508*** y 0,358***) y que Claridad de Rol influenciara CCO, pero no burnout. Discusión. El burnout no siempre influiría significativamente en CCO, y las diferencias entre hospitales permiten suponer que las relaciones se ven afectadas por variables intervinientes no observadas. Adicionalmente, la existencia de diferentes patrones de influencia sugiere que las intervenciones deben considerar la situación específica de cada institución.
Palabras clave:
burnout, comportamiento ciudadano organizacional, liderazgo transformacional, cohesión claridad de rol
Texto completo:
Referencias
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Chiniara, M., & Bentein, K. (2018). The servant leadership advantage: When perceiving low differentiation in leader-member relationship quality influences team cohesion, team task performance and service OCB. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(2), 333-345. DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.05.002
Dasgupta, P. (2022). A study on the effect of team support and alexhaustion on organizational citizenship behavior of nurses in COVID-19 pandemic: Mediation by team commitments. IIM Ranchi Journal of Management Studies.Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print.DOI: 10.1108/IRJMS-09-2021-0129
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Feather, J., McGillis Hall, L., Trbovich, P., & Baker, G.R. (2018). An integrative review of nurses’ prosocial behaviours contributing to work environment optimization, organizational performance and quality of care. Journal of Nursing Management, 26(7), 769-781.DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12600
Fields, D.L. (2002). Taking the measure of work: A guide to validated scales for organizational research and diagnosis.Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1623962197
Fischer, S.A. (2016). Transformational leadership in nursing: A concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72(11), 2644-2653. DOI: 10.1111/jan.13049
Frögéli, E., Rudman, A., & Gustavsson, P. (2019). The relationship between task mastery, role clarity, social acceptance, and stress: An intensive longitudinal study with a sample of newly registered nurses. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 91, 60-69. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.10.007
Fong, C.M. (2016). Role overload, social support, and burnout among nursing educators. Journal of Nursing Education, 29(3), 102-108. DOI: 10.3928/01484834-19900301-07
Geier, M.T. (2016). Leadership in extreme contexts: Transformational leadership, performance beyond expectations?. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 23(3), 234-247. DOI: 10.1177/1548051815627359
Gil-Monte, P.R. (2011). CESQT: Cuestionario para la evaluación del síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo: Manual. TEA.ISBN: 978-84-15262-16-9
Gil-Monte, P.R. (2012). The influence of guilt on the relationship between burnout and depression. European Psychologist, 17(3), 231-236. DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000096
Guay, R.P., & Choi, D. (2015). To whom does transformational leadership matter more? An examination of neurotic and introverted followers and their organizational citizenship behavior. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(5), 851-862. DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.06.005
Hutchinson, M., & Jackson, D. (2013). Transformational leadership in nursing: Towards a more critical interpretation. Nursing Inquiry, 20(1), 11-22.DOI: 10.1111/nin.12006
Jun, S.Y. (2017). Mediatingeffect of social capital between transformational leadership behavior and organizational citizenship behavior in hospital nurses. Journal of KoreanAcademy of Nursing Administration, 23(5), 558-566.DOI: 10.11111/jkana.2017.23.5.558
Kloutsiniotis, P.V., & Mihail, D.M. (2020). The effects of high performance work systems in employees’ service-oriented OCB. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 90(1), 102610.DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102610
Koopman, J., Lanaj, K., & Scott, B.A. (2016). Integrating the bright and dark sides of OCB: A daily investigation of the benefits and costs of helping others. Academy of Management Journal, 59(2), 414-435.DOI: 10.5465/amj.2014.0262
Koopmans, A., Cantillano, V., & Alessandri, C. (2021). Distrés moral y burnout en el personal de salud durante la crisis por COVID-19. Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes, 32(1), 75-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmclc.2020.12.009
Kurniawan, F. (2015). The impact of burnout towards organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in Premier Surabaya Hospital. iBuss Management, 3(2). 517-530. DOI: 10.3200/JRLP.140.6.517-530
Kutluturkan, S., Sozeri, E., Uysal, N., & Bay, F. (2016). Resilience and burnout status among nurses working in oncology. Annals of General Psychiatry, 15(1), 33. DOI: 10.1186/s12991-016-0121-3
Lamri, L., Setyadi, D.S., Riadi, S.S.R., Hariyadi, S., & Palutturi, S.P. (2020). Determinants of organizational citizen ship behavior, work satisfaction and performance of the Eselon IV Officials of Regional General Hospitals in East Kalimantan Province. Journal of Arts and Humanities, 9(4), 88-97. DOI: 10.18533/journal.v9i4.1886
Lasalvia, A., Bonetto, C., Bertani, M., Bissoli, S., Cristofalo, D., Marrella, G., Tansella, M. (2009). Influence of perceived organizational factors on job burnout: Survey of community mental health staff. British Journal of Psychiatry,195(6), 537-544. DOI:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060871
Lewis, H.S., & Cunningham, C.J. (2016). Linking nurse leadership and work characteristics to nurse burnout and engagement. Nursing Research, 65(1), 13-23.DOI: 10.1097/NNR.0000000000000130
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