Burnout y Comportamiento Ciudadano Organizacional

  • Andrés Pucheu

Resumen

Si bien existe evidencia acerca de la relación entre burnout y comportamiento ciudadano organizacional (CCO) con el liderazgo de los supervisores, la cohesión grupal y el grado de estructuración y competencia percibida sobre los procesos de trabajo, existe limitada información sobre los efectos comparados de estas variables o las relaciones existentes entre si. Dada la prevalencia de problemas asociados a estrés crónico, es especialmente interesante la relación entre burnout y CCO. Objetivo. Evaluar la relación entre burnout y comportamiento ciudadano organizacional en el personal clínico de dos hospitales, considerando además las influencias del liderazgo transformacional de los supervisores, la cohesión grupal y la claridad de rol sobre las dos variables anteriores. Método. En el estudio participaron técnicos y profesionales clínicos respondiendo un cuestionario escrito. Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios en cada muestra, para posteriormente evaluar un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales propuesto en base a la evidencia publicada. Resultados. Se obtuvo un total de 667 encuestas con respuestas válidas (N1 = 292 y N2 = 375). En uno de los hospitales se encontró una moderada covarianza significativa entre burnout y CCO (-0,302**) y en el otro no se encontró relación (-0,105). También, resulta destacable el que Cohesión tuviera la mayor influencia sobre CCO en ambos hospitales (0,508*** y 0,358***) y que Claridad de Rol influenciara CCO, pero no burnout. Discusión. El burnout no siempre influiría significativamente en CCO, y las diferencias entre hospitales permiten suponer que las relaciones se ven afectadas por variables intervinientes no observadas. Adicionalmente, la existencia de diferentes patrones de influencia sugiere que las intervenciones deben considerar la situación específica de cada institución.

Palabras clave: burnout, comportamiento ciudadano organizacional, liderazgo transformacional, cohesión claridad de rol

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Referencias

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